PROTEIN MEMORY

PHOTOCYCLE OF BACTERIORHODOSPIN

Protein based memory use protein seen in halobacteriumhaobium for storage of data.On exposure to laser these protein changes it state.These stable states are used for the storage of binary data.On exposure to red laser they changes to O state which is equivalent to binary 0.When exposed to green laser it changes to P state it is eqivalent to binary 1.these two stable states are used for storing data in binary form.Only O state absorb red light,this is used for data reading.Blue laser will bring the protein to ground state this is used for data erasing.Protein memory can be produced in large quantity and is stable at hgh temperature.A cube 1.6cm dimension can store upto 16gb data.

NANOTECHNOLOGY

                               One of the most developing field in this century is nano technology.Nanotechnology can be applied in every field including communication field.Some of the applications of nanotechnology are self cleaning glass,scratch resistant coating,cloathing,antimicrobial bandage.nano carbon tubes can be formed by rolling shhet of carbon.Now reaserch are going on to use this carbon nano tubes in place of transistors in microprocessors

Human-Powered Ornithopter

Impossible dream as it seemed to have a human-powered ornithopter flown in the air, as many have failed and yet one have succeeded. Thanks to lightweight carbon fiber and to a Canadian engineering student, who have conquered a dream pondered over by inventors and flight enthusiasts for over a hundred years, flying an ornithopter. (an aircraft that flaps its wings like a bird to sustain forward momentum and some lift). You can watch the record breaking flight just hit the continue link below

Artificial Cornea Offers Long-Term Vision

Patients with impaired vision because of a damaged cornea could soon regain their sight without need of a human donor transplant. Instead, such patients could be aided by an artificial but biosynthetic implant. One such implant has now been tested in patients over two years, and the results are as good as, or even better than, those achieved with donor corneas.

The transparent tissue that covers the surface of the eyes, the cornea, can be damaged by injury, infection, or inflammation, causing the eye to lose much of its ability to refract light and focus images on the retina. Such damage has caused loss of vision in millions of people around the world. The best treatment for cornea damage remains a transplant, but donor corneas are in chronically short supply.

Plastic replacements have been available for decades, but their implantation is still plagued by side effects such as infection and glaucoma. "They remain a last resort option for patients where all other options have failed, including donor transplants," says Joachim Storsberg at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research in Potsdam, Germany. Storsberg is developing plastic implants but was not involved with the current work.

ABS

An anti lock breaking system(ABS) prevents the vechile wheels from locking up while breaking.
ABS ComponentsMain components to an ABS system:

Speed sensors
Pump
Valves
Controller
Speed SensorsThe ABS needs some way of knowing when a wheel is about to lock up. The speed sensors, which are located at each wheel, or in some cases in the differential, provide this information.PumpSince the valve is able to release pressure from the brakes, there has to be some way to put that pressure back. That is what the pump does; when a valve reduces the pressure in a line, the pump is there to get the pressure back up.ValvesThere is a valve in the brake line of each brake controlled by the ABS. On some systems, the valve has three positions:


In position one, the valve is open; pressure from the master cylinder is passed right through to the brake.
In position two, the valve blocks the line, isolating that brake from the master cylinder. This prevents the pressure from rising further should the driver push the brake pedal harder.
In position three, the valve releases some of the pressure from the brake.ControllerThe controller is a computer in the car. It watches the speed sensors and controls the valves.ABS at WorkThere are many different variations and control algorithms for ABS systems. We will discuss how one of the simpler systems works.
The controller monitors the speed sensors at all times. It is looking for decelerations in the wheel that are out of the ordinary. Right before a wheel locks up, it will experience a rapid deceleration. If left unchecked, the wheel would stop much more quickly than any car could. It might take a car five seconds to stop from 60 mph (96.6 kph) under ideal conditions, but a wheel that locks up could stop spinning in less than a second.
The ABS controller knows that such a rapid deceleration is impossible, so it reduces the pressure to that brake until it sees an acceleration, then it increases the pressure until it sees the deceleration again. It can do this very quickly, before the tire can actually significantly change speed. The result is that the tire slows down at the same rate as the car, with the brakes keeping the tires very near the point at which they will start to lock up. This gives the system maximum braking power.
When the ABS system is in operation you will feel a pulsing in the brake pedal; this comes from the rapid opening and closing of the valves. Some ABS systems can cycle up to 15 times per second

Google-certified ad networks in AdSense

Google-certified ad networks in AdSense

VIOP

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a general term for a family of transmission technologies for delivery of voice communications over IP networks such as the Internet or other packet-switched networks. Other terms frequently encountered and synonymous with VOIP are IP telephony, Internet telephony, voice over broadband (VoBB), broadband telephony, and broadband phone.






Internet telephony refers to communications services — voice, facsimile, and/or voice-messaging applications — that are transported via the Internet, rather than the public switched telephone network (PSTN). The basic steps involved in originating an Internet telephone call are conversion of the analog voice signal to digital format and compression/translation of the signal into Internet protocol (IP) packets for transmission over the Internet; the process is reversed at the receiving end.[1]






VOIP systems employ session control protocols to control the set-up and tear-down of calls as well as audio codecs which encode speech allowing transmission over an IP network as digital audio via an audio stream. Codec use is varied between different implementations of VOIP (and often a range of codecs are used); some implementations rely on narrowband and compressed speech, while others support high fidelity stereo codecs