Teleportation

                                                Teleportation
What is Teleportation ?
The conveyance of persons (esp. of oneself) or things by
psychic power; also in futuristic description, apparently
instantaneous transportation of persons, etc., across
space by advanced technological means.


Probably the best known example is the Star Trek ‘Transporter’.


When it comes to the real thing, teleportation means:

SCIENTISTS WORKING in Australia have "beamed up" a radio signal, in the manner of Captain Kirk.



Scientists at the Australian National University in Canberra say they have been able to teleport a laser beam


from one part of their lab to another. The scientists embedded a radio signal into a laser beam, then disintegrated the beam


and reassembled it a meter away virtually instantaneously. They say the laser beam was destroyed


in the teleportation process, but the radio signal survived.






The group of researchers led by physicist Ping Koy Lam have used quantum entanglement - a phenomenon


that links two light photons created at the same time - to induce the changes affected on one photon in another a meter away.






Ping Koy Lam disassembled laser light at one end of an optical communications system and recreated a replica


elsewhere in his lab. The laser beam didn't survive transportation, but its encoded message did.






Dr Lam told the BBC: "What we have demonstrated here is that we can take billions of photons,


destroy them simultaneously, and then recreate them in another place."






He reckons the system could be used to transport secure data. "It should be possible," he says


"to construct a perfect cryptography system. When two parties want to communicate with one another,


we can enable the secrecy of the communication to be absolutely perfect."






While transporting data may be possible, Lam reckons beaming humans to and fro is still some way off.









1) Measurement of the input "state", followed by


2) Disembodied transport of the state, and then


3) Perfect reconstruction in every detail.




It is not:
1) Instantaneous or faster than light


2) Easy

SOLID STATE DRIVE

A solid-state drive (SSD) is a data storage device that uses solid-state memory to store persistent data. An SSD emulates a hard disk drive interface, thus easily replacing it in most applications. An SSD using SRAM or DRAM (instead of flash memory) is often called a RAM-drive, not to be confused with a RAM disk. Recently, NAND based flash memory has become the standard for most SSD's.

The original usage of the term "solid-state" (from solid-state physics) refers to the use of semiconductor devices rather than electron tubes but, in the present context, has been adopted to distinguish solid-state electronics from electromechanical devices. With no moving parts, solid-state drives are less fragile than hard disks and are also silent (unless a cooling fan is used); as there are no mechanical delays, they usually enjoy low access time and latency.

Benefits Of CFL Lighting
25% of a typical home's electricity budget is spent on lighting inefficient incandescent light bulbs. A typical light bulb will cost 5 to 10 times its own cost in electricity during its relatively short lifetime. However there are alternatives. Compact Fluorescent Lights are miniature versions of full-sized strip flourescent lighting and screw straight into the light fitting.


Efficiency of CFL Bulbs
CFL bulbs are around four times as efficent as incandescent light bulbs and last up to 10 times longer. Therefore a 22 Watt CFL will offer the same amount of light as a 100 Watt incandescent bulb and will last for around five years. Using an 18 Watt CFL in place of a 75 Watt standard light bulb will save over 500 kWh over its lifetime offering savings of around £25 - far in excess of the initial cost of the CFL - and will prevent half a ton of CO2 being pumped into the atmosphere by power stations.


Where can CFL Bulbs be Used
CFLs can be used in almost all locations where incandescent light bulbs are used. However the lifetime of a CFL is reduced greatly when used in applications where the light is frequently switched on and off. Also sometimes they are unsuitable for use with dimmer switches, and they cannot be used as spot lights - they are better for lighting whole rooms.


Disadvantages of CFL Bulbs
CFLs do have their disadvantages - for example the average CFL bulb contains 4mg of toxic Mercury.

                                                                LED TV


LED-backlit LCD television (called LED TV by Samsung Electronics, Panasonic,Toshiba, Philips, LG Electronics, ProScan and Vizio and not to be confused with true LED displays) is an LCD TV that uses LED backlighting[1] rather than fluorescent lights used in traditional LCD televisions.

The LEDs can come in two forms, Dynamic RGB LEDs which are positioned behind the panel, or white Edge-LEDs positioned around the rim of the screen which use a special diffusion panel to spread the light evenly behind the screen.[2]

LED Backlighting Techniques
[edit]
RGB Dynamic LEDs

This method of backlighting allows dimming to occur locally creating specific areas of darkness on the screen. This can show truer blacks, whites and PRs at much higher dynamic contrast ratios, at the cost of less detail in small bright objects on a dark background, such as star fields.[3]
[edit]
Edge-LEDs

This method of backlighting allows for LED-backlit TVs to become extremely thin. The light is diffused across the screen by a special panel which produces a uniform color range across the screen.

Sharp also has LED backlighting technology that aligns the LEDs on back of the TV like the RGB Dynamic LED backlight, but it lacks the local dimming of other sets.[4]
[edit]
Differences between LED-backlit and CCFL-backlit LCD displays

LED-backlit LCD TVs differ from conventional CCFL-backlit LCD TVs in the following:
They can produce an image with greater dynamic contrast compared with CCFL-backlit LCD TVs.[5]
With Edge-LED lighting they can be extremely slim. Current models on the market can be less than one inch thick.[5]
They can offer a wider color gamut, especially when RGB-LED backlighting is used.[5]
Lesser environmental pollution on disposal.[5]
Higher cost due to current market product placement.[5]
[edit]
Technology

TV manufacturers can use an LED backlight instead of the standard Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps (LCD-CCFL) used in most LCD televisions. It is important to distinguish this method of simply backlighting a conventional LCD panel, from a hypothetical true LED display, or an OLED display. LCD-based televisions described as 'LED TVs' are vastly different from self-illuminating OLED, OEL or AMOLED display technologies. In terms of the use of the term 'LED TV' in the UK, the ASA (Advertising Standards Authority) has made it clear in prior correspondence that it does not object to the use of the term, but does require it to be clarified in any advertising. There are several methods of backlighting an LCD panel using LEDs including the use of either White or RGB (Red, Green and Blue) LED arrays positioned behind the panel; and Edge-LED lighting, which uses white LEDs arranged around the inside frame of the TV along with a special light diffusion panel designed to spread the light evenly behind the LCD panel.

An LED backlight offers several general benefits over regular CCFL backlight TVs, typically higher brightness. Compared to regular CCFL backlighting, there may also be benefits to color gamut. However advancements in CCFL technology mean wide color gamuts and lower power consumption are also possible. The principal barrier to wide use of LED backlighting on LCD televisions is cost.

The variations of LED backlighting do offer different benefits. The first commercial LED backlit LCD TV was the Sony Qualia 005 (introduced in 2004). This featured RGB LED arrays to offer a color gamut around twice that of a conventional CCFL LCD television (the combined light output from red, green and blue LEDs produces a more pure white light than is possible with a single white light LED). RGB LED technology continues to be used on selected Sony BRAVIA LCD models, with the addition of 'local dimming' which enables excellent on-screen contrast through selectively turning off the LEDs behind dark parts of a picture frame.

Edge LED lighting was also first introduced by Sony (September 2008) on the 40 inch BRAVIA KLV-40ZX1M (referred to as the ZX1 in Europe). The principal benefit of Edge-LED lighting for LCD televisions is the ability to build thinner housings (the BRAVIA KLV-40ZX1M is as thin as 9.9mm). Samsung has also introduced a range of Edge-LED lit LCD televisions with extremely thin housings.

LED-backlit LCD TVs are considered a more sustainable choice, with a longer life and better energy efficiency than plasmas and conventional LCD TVs.[6] Unlike CCFL backlights, LEDs also use no mercury in their manufacture. However, other elements such as gallium and arsenic are used in the manufacture of the LED emitters themselves, meaning there is some debate over whether they are a significantly better long term solution to the problem of TV disposal.

Because LEDs are able to be switched on and off more quickly than CCFL displays and can offer a higher light output, it is theoretically possible to offer very high contrast ratios. They can produce deep blacks (LEDs off) and a high brightness (LEDs on), however care should be taken with measurements made from pure black and pure white outputs, as technologies like Edge-LED lighting do not allow these outputs to be reproduced simultaneously on-screen.

In September 2009 Nanoco Group announced that it has signed a joint development agreement with a major Japanese electronics company under which it will design and develop quantum dots for LED Backlights in LCD televisions.[7] Quantum dots are valued for displays, because they emit light in very specific gaussian distributions. This can result in a display that more accurately renders the colors that the human eye can perceive. Quantum dots also require very little power since they are not color filtered.

Blu-ray Discs

The Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA) is the industry consortium that develops and licenses Blu-ray Disc technology and is responsible for establishing format standards and promoting business opportunities for Blu-ray Disc. The BDA is divided into three levels of membership: the Board of Directors, Contributors, and General Members.[1]
The "Blu-ray Disc founder group" was started on May 20, 2002 by nine leading electronic companies: Sony, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Thomson, LG (Lucky GoldStar) Electronics, Hitachi, Sharp, and Samsung[2]. In order to enable more companies to participate, it announced in May 2004 that it would form the Blu-ray Disc Association, which was inaugurated on October 4, 2004

In 1997, a new technology emerged that brought digital sound and video into homes all over the world. It was called DVD, and it revolutionized the movie industry.
The industry is set for yet another revolution with the introduction of Blu-ray Discs (BD) in 2006. With their high storage capacity, Blu-ray discs can hold and play back large quantities of high-definition video and audio, as well as photos, data and other digital content.
In this article, HowStuffWorks explains how the Blu-ray disc works and how it was developed, and we'll see how it stacks up against some other new digital video formats on the horizon.
A current, single-sided, standard DVD can hold 4.7 GB (gigabytes) of information. That's about the size of an average two-hour, standard-definition movie with a few extra features. But a high-definition movie, which has a much clearer image (see How Digital Television Works), takes up about five times more bandwidth and therefore requires a disc with about five times more storage. As TV sets and movie studios make the move to high definition, consumers are going to need playback systems with a lot more storage capacity.

HAM RADIO

Amateur radio, often called ham radio, is both a hobby and a service in which participants, called "hams," use various types of radio communications equipment to communicate with other radio amateurs for public services, recreation and self-training.[1]
Amateur radio operators enjoy personal (and often worldwide) wireless communications with each other and are able to support their communities with emergency and disaster communications if necessary, while increasing their personal knowledge of electronics and radio theory. An estimated six million people throughout the world are regularly involved with amateur radio

History

Main articles: History of amateur radio and Etymology of ham radio
Though its origins can be traced to at least the late 1800s, amateur radio, as practiced today, did not begin until the early 1900s. The first listing of amateur radio stations is contained in the First Annual Official Wireless Blue Book of the Wireless Association of America in 1909.[3] This first radio callbook lists wireless telegraph stations in Canada and the United States, including eighty-nine amateur radio stations. As with radio in general, the birth of amateur radio was strongly associated with various amateur experimenters and hobbyists. Throughout its history, amateur radio enthusiasts have made significant contributions to science, engineering, industry, and social services. Research by amateur radio operators has founded new industries,[4] built economies,[5] empowered nations,[6] and saved lives in times of emergency.[7]

ASIMO

The Honda Motor Company developed ASIMO, which stands for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility, and is the most advanced humanoid robot in the world. According to the ASIMO Web site, ASIMO is the first humanoid robot in the world that can walk independently and climb stairs.
In addition to ASIMO's ability to walk like we do, it can also understand preprogrammed gestures and spoken commands, recognize voices and faces and interface with IC Communication cards. ASIMO has arms and hands so it can do things like turn on light switches, open doors, carry objects, and push carts.
Rather than building a robot that would be another toy, Honda wanted to create a robot that would be a helper for people -- a robot to help around the house, help the elderly, or help someone confined to a wheelchair or bed. ASIMO is 4 feet 3 inches (1.3 meters) high, which is just the right height to look eye to eye with someone seated in a chair. This allows ASIMO to do the jobs it was created to do without being too big and menacing. Often referred to as looking like a "kid wearing a spacesuit," ASIMO's friendly appearance and nonthreatening size work well for the purposes Honda had in mind when creating it.

High Power LED Driver for Automotive Applications Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. introduces a new high power LED driver with output disconnect for backlighting medium LCD displays. This new driver is a robust solution targeting numerous applications within the automotive market. Typical applications include in-dash navigation systems, automotive infotainment, and back-up camera displays. Learn more...
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Texas InstrumentsTexas Instruments develops analog, digital signal processing, RF and DLP® semiconductor technologies that help customers deliver consumer and industrial electronics products with greater performance, increased power efficiency, higher precision, more mobility and better quality. For more information please visit our website: http://www.ti.com/

High Power LED Driver for Automotive Applications Allegro MicroSystems, Inc. introduces a new high power LED driver with output disconnect for backlighting medium LCD displays. This new driver is a robust solution targeting numerous applications within the automotive market. Typical applications include in-dash navigation systems, automotive infotainment, and back-up camera displays. Learn more...
Experience Mouser's Time-to-Market Advantage! NEW Products and NEW Technologies from Mouser Electronics! Browse and buy online from 900,000+ products, download 677,000+ data sheets, 1.5+ million cross-references, with shipping to 170 countries. No minimums, no handling fees, fast delivery! Visit mouser.com!
Texas InstrumentsTexas Instruments develops analog, digital signal processing, RF and DLP® semiconductor technologies that help customers deliver consumer and industrial electronics products with greater performance, increased power efficiency, higher precision, more mobility and better quality. For more information please visit our website: http://www.ti.com/